Ammonium salt of dinitramidic acid nh4nno22 adn has attracted wide interest as a potentially useful energetic oxidizer for rocket propellants. Modeling of ammonium dinitramide adn monopropellant. Due to the continuous run for a green environment the current article proposes a new type of solid propellant based on the fairly new synthesized oxidizer, ammonium dinitramide adn. Characterisation and thrust measurements from electrolytic. Calculation of the properties for adnetnhtpb the considered formula for the proposed propellant is an improvement in the field of. The dissolution properties of ammonium dinitramide adn in nmethyl pyrrolidone nmp were studied with a rd4962000 calvet microcalorimeter at four different temperatures under atmospheric pressure. There are ammonium dinitramide adn and hydrazinium nitroformate hnf energetic oxidizers, but these are not available in adequate quantities 16. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication.
Crystallization of the energetic oxidizer salt ammonium. Green propellants based on ammonium dinitramide adn. Ammonium dinitramide should be kept in closed plastic bottles, away from acids and anything combustible. The work presented here is an extension of previous work. The dinitramide salts have high oxygen content and are prepared with different counterions including potassium cesium, ammonium and hydrazinium salts. The theoretical performances of nepe nitrate ester plasticized polyether propellant with and without adn were calculated with minimum free energy method. Optimization of ammonium sulfamate nitration for the. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for. This page was last edited on 11 novemberat february learn how and when to propellang this template message.
The utility of ammonium dinitramide adn as a highly energetic oxidizer has. It makes an excellent solid rocket oxidizer with a slightly higher specific impulse than ammonium perchlorate and more importantly, does not leave hydrogen chloride fumes. To gain a better understanding of the thermal decomposition mechanism of adn, the thermal decomposition of adn and copperii oxide cuo mixtures was investigated. Anders larsson and niklas wingborg february 14th 2011. To allow the effective development and use of adnbased propellants, it is important to understand adn reaction mechanisms. It is a lowsignature environmentally friendly propellant, with chlorinefree combustion products. A vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy and quantum chemical study. Carefully heating the compound will cause it to decompose. Hello fellow wikipedians, i have just modified one external link on ammonium dinitramide. Coating methods for surface modification of ammonium. The ammonium salt of dinitramide anion, nh4nno22 or adn. Anbased composite propellants are primarily attractive due to the combustion products without toxic gases hclfree 17. My search engine have ammonium dinitramide overlaping it and most papers i found only use kdn as a intermediate for adn and does not provide any impact sensitivity for kdn. Adn is the ammonium salt of the dinitramide anion, and belongs to the group of inorganic oxidizers, mainly useful for energetic rocket propellant formulations.
Request pdf an overview on the synthetic routes and properties of ammonium dinitramide adn and other dinitramide salts in recent years, there has. Synthesis of ammonium dinitramide by nitration of potassium and. In laboratory ammonium dinitramid can be prepared by nitration of sulfaminic acid or its salt under low temperatures. The majority of these studies focuses on product detection, typically at temperatures above its melting point, 365 5 1 k, under pressurizedconditions where both gaseous and condensedphase. The compound was characterized by uv, ir and thermal methods. This research summarizes and studies the effects of additives on. It makes an excellent solid rocket oxidizer with a slightly higher specific impulse than ammonium perchlorate and more importantly, does not leave hydrogen. Cas 1191157 ammonium dinitramide msds toxicity property. Eurenco is equipped with a pilotscale production of crystalline adn.
Ammonium dinitramide is a powerful oxidizer and may explode under strong heating or shock. The journal of physical chemistry c 2011, 115 21, 1058810596. Adsorption of ammonium dinitramide adn from aqueous. The ammo nium salt of dinitramide anion, nh4nno22 or adn is thermally more labile and impact sensitive than ammonium nitrate, but. The crystal structures of the ammonium, 1, lithium, 2, potassium, 3, and cesium, 4, salts of a new nitrogen oxy anion, n3o4, have been determined. In agreement with the variations observed in the crystal structures, the vibrational spectra of the nno22 anion are also strongly influenced by the. Ion chromatographic analysis of ammonium dinitramide. The purity of ammonium dinitramide was directly determined by estimating the dinitramide ions and indirectly by estimating the impurities. Characterisation and thrust measurements from electrolytic decomposition of ammonium dinitramide adn based liquid.
Role of additives in the combustion of ammonium dinitramide. The test samples of the propellants had a rectangular shape with dimensions of 30 mm. Pdf ammonium dinitramide adn is an ecological oxidizer suggested as a substitute for ammonium chloratevii in solid rocket fuels. The dinitramide anion was first synthesized at the zelinsky institute in russia in 1971 and is one of the most significant discoveries in the field of energetic materials. Ammonium dinitramide limit the search to the library catalogue. The measurement of the density of the propellants was carried out on a model ag 104 mettler toledo balance. Rocket solid propellant alternative based on ammonium dinitramide. Ammonium dinitramide adn is one of the most promising new solid oxidizers for rocket propellants, since its oxygen balance and energy content are relatively high, and it does not contain halogens. It is a pale yellow hygroscopic powder soluble in polar solvents including water. Mechanistic pathways for the thermal decomposition of the solidstate energetic oxidizers ammonium dinitramide adn and potassium dinitramide kdn have been deciphered by carefully considering previously performed experimental studies and using state of the art quantum chemical modeling of molecular clusters. Safety of ammonium dinitramide synthesis vs size of a.
Optimization of ammonium sulfamate nitration for the preparation of. Separation of ammonium dinitramide from reaction mixture. Adn and other dinitramide salts wiley online library. The adn used for this work was synthesized by a new efficient and environmentally friendly method. Eurenco is equipped with a pilotscale production of crystalline, it is a serious tactical drawback if the signature from the propellant will guide. In this paper, electrolytic decomposition of ammonium dinitramide adnbased. Basic properties and spectroscopic data for the energetic oxidizer adn ammonium dinitramide nh 4nno 2 2 are presented. Find support for a specific problem on the support section of our website. Ammonium dinitramide adn was synthesized in our laboratory i. These test samples were immersed in liquid paraffin at 20 2 c. Effect of coated ammonium dinitramide on the properties ofnitrateester. The molecular surface structure of ammonium and potassium dinitramide. Ammonium dinitramide adn is a relatively new energetic oxidizer with excess of stoichiometric oxygen and known to produce environmentally benign combustion products 1,2 compared to ammonium perchlorate combustion products. The ammonium salt of dinitramide anion, nh4nno22 or adn is thermally more labile and impact sensitive than ammonium nitrate, but considerably more stable than the.
In 1 there are two interpenetrating threedimensional lattices linked by strong hydrogenbonding interactions between all four ammonium protons and three of the four dinitramide oxygen atoms. Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for. Assessment of the synthesis routes conditions for obtaining ammonium dinitramide by the ftir abstract. Green propellants based on ammonium dinitramide adn services for libraries national interlibrary loan international interlibrary loan. However, most of them lie in routes in which reactants are too expensive for largescale production. The ammonium dinitramide formed is isolated by extraction or absorption. Chemical properties of ammonium dinitrate cas 140456786 download as pdf file download as excel file download as 2d mole file. Ammonium dinitramide adn is the ammonium salt of dinitraminic acid. Ammonium dinitramide nh4n3o4 energetic message board. Coating of adn was carried out by a solution coating method, employing either ethyl cellulose or pmma as. Green propellants based on ammonium dinitramide adn, advances in spacecraft technologies. Analysis of ammonium dinitramide adn, the advance rocket propellant oxidizer, in pure form as well as in mixtures was carried out by ion chromatography ic.
Pure adn has a large reactionzone length and shows a strong nonideal behaviour. Ammonium dinitramide adn is a novel energetic material that can be used as a liquid monopropellant or as an ingredient in solidrocket propellants 1. Read separation of ammonium dinitramide from reaction mixture, propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. An overview on the synthetic routes and properties of ammonium. Ammonium dinitramide, or adn nh4nno22, is an energetic material. The burning characteristics and the thermal decomposition of propellants were determined by nickel chromium wire method and tg dtg, respectively. Although ammonium nitrate is suitable as an oxidizer in large rocket. Effect of coated ammonium dinitramide on the properties of. Such an inhibition leads to a lower rate of decomposition in the solid phase than in the liquid phase. The dinitramide anion, nno22 inorganic chemistry acs.
The reaction consists of nitration of ammonia by means of dinitrogen pentoxide in an inert solvent. Since then, much progress has been made in its development in synthesis, reshaping, microencapsulation and solid propellant. Coating and burnrate studies of ammonium dinitramide adn. Schwentenwein, new technologies for ammonium dinitramide based monopropellant thrusters the project rheform, acta astronautica 2017, doi. Coating of spherical ammonium dinitramide adn particles in order to use in propellants, the crystallized spherical particles of adn are to be suitably coated to prevent the grains from absorbing moisture at ambient conditions 41. Over the last two decades, many routes have been proposed to synthesize ammonium dinitramide adn. The search for a smokeless propellant has encouraged propelant and engineers to look for a chlorinefree oxidizer as a substitute for ap ammonium perchlorate. The sem of nepe propellants and the mechanical sensitivity were also detected.
Chemical and physical properties of ammonium dinitrate. The reaction mixture containing ammonium sulphate 3900 mgl and ammonium nitrate 3000 mgl along with adn 600 mgl was the. This article includes a list of referencesbut its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Ammonium dinitramide adn is the ammonium salt of dinitraminic oropellant. Crystallization of the energetic oxidizer salt ammonium dinitramide. Introduction dinitramide salts, a uniquely stable oxyanion of nitrogen, were first discovered in 1988 1,2. Safety evaluation detonability test we conducted detonability tests using steel tubes1 for evaluating the safety of the propellant. It is, however, significantly more sensitive to detonation than ammonim perchlorate during combustion. Catalytic decomposition mechanism of aqueous ammonium. As shown by the diagram and photographs in figure 6, a glass test tube filled with propellant was placed inside a steel tube that had a no. Rocket solid propellant alternative based on ammoniu m.
Prilling and coating of ammonium dinitramide adn mdpi. Thermal decomposition characteristics of mixtures of. The molar enthalpies and the differential molar enthalpies for adn in nmp were also obtained at the same time. Advanced search watchlist search history search help. Dissolution properties of ammonium dinitramide in n. Milled fine fraction crystals and prilled spherical particles could be supplied. Ammonium dinitramide, adn, has a potential as an oxidizer for underwater high explosives.
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